How does a nuclear warhead

Модератор: zlata

How does a nuclear warhead

Сообщение HainanWel.com(e)! » 18 июн 2016, 13:18

Let's look at some typical warhead (in reality structural differences may exist between warheads). This cone of light durable alloys. Inside there are bulkheads, frames, frame structure - almost everything in the plane. Power frame is covered with robust metal shell. On plating applied a thick layer of thermal barrier coating. This is similar to the ancient Neolithic basket, generously smeared with clay and burnt in the first experiments with human warmth and ceramics. The similarity is easily explained: the basket, and the warhead will resist external heat.

Inside the cone attached to their "seats" are the two main "passenger" for which everything started: thermonuclear charge and unit charge control, or automation block. They are remarkably compact. Control box - the size of a five-liter jar of pickled cucumbers, and the charge - with the usual kitchen garden bucket. Heavy and weighty, Union Bank and buckets kilotons explodes at three hundred and fifty - four. Two passengers are interconnected communication, like Siamese twins, and through this relationship is constantly something to share. Dialogue them being all the time, even when the rocket is on alert, even when these twins only carry a company-producer.

There is a third passenger - motion measurement unit warheads or even control its flight. In the latter case, working the controls built into the warhead, allowing to change the trajectory. For example, pneumatic actuators or powder system. And with on-board mains power supply, communication line with the level in the form of protected wires and connectors, protection against electromagnetic pulse and temperature control system - maintaining the desired temperature of the charge.

On the far station will come down
On the far station will come down war ICBMs facts nuclear warhead
The technology on which the combat units are separated from the rocket and go on their own course - a separate big topic that you can write a book.

To begin explain what is "just a combat unit." This device, which is physically located a thermonuclear charge on board an intercontinental ballistic missile. The rocket has a so-called head portion, which can be one, two or more warheads. If there are several, the head portion is called a multiple reentry warhead (MIRV).

Inside the HSR is a very complex machine (also known as platform dilution), which after the withdrawal of a carrier rocket beyond the atmosphere begins to perform a series of programmed actions on individual guidance and separation of warheads located on it; are arranged in the space battle formations of units and decoys, which initially also are on the platform. Thus, each block is displayed on the trajectory that provides penetration into a given target on the Earth's surface.

Combat units are different. Those that move on ballistic trajectories after separation from the platform, called the unmanageable. Managed the warheads after the separation begin to "live his life." They are equipped with engines of orientation for maneuvering in space, aerodynamic control surfaces for flight control in the atmosphere, they have installed on board inertial control system, multiple computing devices, radar with their own calculator ... And, of course, military power.

Almost controlled combat unit combines the properties of an unmanned spacecraft and hypersonic unmanned aircraft. All actions both in space and during flight in the atmosphere, this unit is obliged to carry out autonomously.

After separation from the breeding platform warhead relatively long time flying at very high altitudes - in space. At this time, the system control unit carries out a series of reorientation in order to create conditions for the accurate determination of the parameters of their own motion, to facilitate overcoming the zone of possible nuclear explosions, missiles ...
Before getting into the upper atmosphere on-board computer calculates the required orientation of the combat unit, and executes it. Around the same period, the sessions are determining the actual position by radar, which also need to make a number of maneuvers. Then, the radar antenna fires back, and fighting for the unit begins the atmospheric movement of land.

nonhuman overload
Nonhuman overload war ICBMs facts nuclear warhead
Below warhead to spread huge, brilliant contrast with the formidable high altitudes, oxygen tightened blue haze veiled spray mist, immense and boundless ocean fifth. Slowly and almost imperceptibly turning separation from residual effects warhead on a gently sloping path continues to descend. But to meet her, quietly pulled a very unusual wind. Hardly I touched her - and became noticeable obtyanuli thin body, leaving back a wave of pale blue-white glow. The wave of this surprisingly high temperature, but it is not yet burning warhead as too disembodied. The breeze blows the warm air warhead - electrically conductive. cone speed is so high that it literally crushes its impact air molecules on electrically charged fragments, there is the impact ionization of the air. This wind is called plasma hypersonic flow of large numbers of Mach, and his speed is twenty times greater than the speed of sound.

Because of the large sparse breeze in the first seconds is almost imperceptible. Build up and seal with a recess in the atmosphere, it first heats greater than the pressure on the warhead. But gradually it begins with the force compressing her cone. Stream deploys warhead nose ahead. Expands not immediately - the cone slightly rocking back and forth, gradually slowing your vibrations, and finally stabilized.

Compacted at least reduce, the flow stronger pressure on the warhead, slowing her flight. With slowing gradually decreasing temperature. From the beginning of the entry of huge value, blue-white glow of ten thousand degrees Kelvin, to yellow-white glow of five or six thousand degrees. This is the temperature of the surface layers of the sun. Radiance becomes blinding, because the density of air is rapidly growing, and with it the heat flow in the wall of the warhead. A thermal barrier coating starts to char and burn.

It burns not from the friction of the air, as is often wrongly say. Because of the huge hypersonic velocity (now fifteen times the speed of sound) from the top of the housing in the air diverges other cone - shock wave, as if entering into a warhead. The incoming air getting inside the shock wave cone immediately sealed many times and tightly pressed against the surface of the warhead. From hopping, instant and multiple compression its temperature immediately jumps up to several thousand degrees. The reason for this - the crazy speed of events, prohibitive dynamic process. Gas-dynamic stream compression, not friction - that now warms warhead side.

Worse necessary bow. There is formed the largest seal oncoming traffic. The zone of the seal moves slightly forward, as it were, is disconnected from the body. And keep in front, taking the form of a thick lens or pillows. This education is called "detached bow shock." It is several times thicker than the rest of the surface of the shock-wave cone around the warhead. Frontal compress the incoming flow is very strong. Therefore, in a detached bow shock is the highest temperature and the largest heat density. This small sun burns the nose of the warhead by radiant - illuminating, radiating the warmth of the right in the nose body and causing severe burning nose. Therefore, there is the thick layer of thermal protection. This bow shock wave illuminates a dark area at night for many kilometers around warheads flying in the atmosphere.

Related object
The thermonuclear charge and control unit continuously communicate with each other. "Dialogue" that starts immediately after the installation of the warhead on a missile, and it ends at the moment of a nuclear explosion. All this time, the control system is ready for actuation charge as coach - a boxer to fight in charge. And at the right time gives the latest and most important command.

When setting missiles on alert its charge to equip with a complete set: set the pulse neutron activator, detonators, and other equipment. But an explosion, he is not ready yet. For decades to keep the mine or on a mobile launcher nuclear missile, ready to take off at any time by simply dangerous.

Therefore, at the time of the flight control system converts the charge into a state of readiness for exposure. This happens gradually, complex sequential algorithms, based on two basic conditions: the reliability of the motion to the target and control over the process. Should any of these factors deviate from the calculated values, and training will be discontinued. Electronics takes charge in an increasingly high degree of willingness to at the design point to command operation.

And when fully charged ready to come out of the control unit combat team to undermine the explosion happen immediately, instantly. The warhead, flying at a speed of sniper bullets, held only a few hundredths of a millimeter, not having to shift in space, even on the thickness of a human hair, when it starts charging, will develop fully pass and have completed nuclear fusion, highlighting all the native power.

Final flash
The final outbreak of war, the MDBs, the facts, the nuclear warhead
Has changed a lot and the outside, and inside, the warhead has passed the troposphere - the last ten kilometers altitude. It is strongly slowed down. Hypersonic flight has degenerated to supersonic three to four units of Mach. Shines warhead already dim, fading and suited to the target point.

The explosion on the Earth's surface is planned rarely - only for in-depth into the ground objects such as missile silos. Most of the targets on the surface. And their greatest defeat of the explosion is performed at a certain height, depending on the power charge. For tactical twenty kilotons is 400-600 m to the strategic megaton explosion optimum height - 1200 m. Why.? The explosion on the ground are two waves. Closer to the epicenter of the blast early fall. Fall and impact, jumped to the side, where it merges with the just come down here from above, from the point of explosion, a fresh wave. Two waves - falling from the center of the explosion and reflected from the surface - are added together in the surface layer of the most powerful shock wave, the main factor in the defeat.

When testing the missile warhead is usually freely reaches the ground. On its board is poltsentnera explosives, undermines the fall. What for? Firstly, the warhead - a secret facility and shall be securely disposed of after use. Secondly, it is necessary for measuring the landfill systems - for rapid detection of the point of impact and measurement deviations.

Multimeter fuming funnel completes the picture. But before that, a couple of kilometers from the impact with the test warhead fires back out bronekasseta memory with a record of everything that was recorded on board during the flight. This bronefleshka insure on-board data loss. She would find later, when the helicopter arrives to find special group. And secure the results of a fantastic flight.
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