10 misconceptions first aid

[DARPA]

1. Sam dies, and save your comrade
This stereotype is tightly hammered into the heads of the older generation of films, books, and just the ideology of the Soviet period, desperately extols the heroism and self-sacrifice.

No doubt - these qualities are important, valuable and sometimes even necessary. But in real life, on the street, in the city or in the countryside learned by rote adherence to the rules could cost lives as a hero and save.

A simple example - the car crashed into a power line pole. The driver sits inside the unconscious, talk to him is not terrible. And suddenly he rushes to the rescue hero. Reaches the car without seeing the wires, and again - one more victim. Following -Even hero, then - a couple of ... and here we have a car with a driver living, surrounded by a bunch of heroic bodies have not had time to call rescuers and "fast". Clearly, the hype in the press, meeting with posters "How long ?!" someone sued, and in the whole country entered a state of emergency. In short - a mess, and why? Because our heroes do not know one simple rule - first determine that threatens you, and only then - that threatens the victim, because if you something happens, help you can not.

Assess the situation, call 01 and possibly refrain from extreme heroism. How would this may sound cynical, one corpse is always better than two.


2. Get any means
Continuing the theme of roads and road accidents. You will not believe how prevalent in our country the following scenario: an ambulance and rescue workers come to the scene of the accident and the victims have recovered from the crumpled cars stacked in the shade and drink into some water. In this voluntary rescuers pulled people out of cars at the arms and legs, and in addition to those already received injuries caught up with a couple more very general concern, such as deformation of the broken spine. So a man sat in the car waiting for help, spices carefully dismantled this machine would put him on a stretcher and gave doctors. Six months in the hospital - and again to his feet. And now there is. Now - a lifelong disability. And do not specifically. All out of a desire to help. So - do not. It is not necessary to depict rescuers.

Actions witnesses an accident are as follows: call for help, disconnect the battery, emergency vehicle that is not from a random sparks flared up spilled gasoline, garden scene of an accident, the victim to stop bleeding (if any) and before the arrival of doctors just with a man ... talk. Yes, psychological support, distract, to encourage, to joke in the end.

The wounded man must feel that the care. But to drag a person's hands and feet of the car can be in only one case - when the possible consequences of transport will be less than its absence. For example - when the car caught fire.


3. Tab to the collar
Remember this bike? In the army first-aid kit is available pin, and she needed to pin the language of the unconscious man to his own collar - so that it (the language) is not the fuse and blocked airways. And it happened, so it was done. Good pictures - here and so wake up from fainting, but with tongue out? Yes, unconscious man always sinks language. Yes, it must be borne in mind and deal with it. But not in the same barbaric methods! Have you ever, by the way, a man trying to get out of his mouth language? No? Try it. Awaits discovery - it turns out to be soft, slippery and does not want to remain in the extended position. Yes, and it's unhygienic.

To liberate the airways from sunken language, man enough to turn to one side. All - airway open.

So, by the way, it is recommended to do with all the familiar and unfamiliar drunks sleeping on the street. Put it to one side - and nothing ave. But if he fell asleep lying on his back, then his life is threatened just two dangers: suffocation from the tongue and choke on vomit.

And if one side for some reason you can not (for example - suspected spinal injury, in which all human once again stir dangerous) just zaprokinte his head back. That's enough.


4. harness around his neck
By the way, this is quite possible. Tourniquet is applied to the neck, but not just so, and by hand. But it's not about that. The wiring in our people relationship tremulous and tender. He is in every medicine cabinet, and therefore for any severe bleeding citizens rush zhgutovat. Some without even remember that summer harness can be applied for two hours, and in the winter one. And know that the venous blood is darker in color arterial. That's just often it turns out that is not the most life-threatening deep cut somehow harness, so much so that on arrival at the hospital it turns out - lifeless limb can not be saved.

Remember - the wiring is only applicable to stop arterial bleeding.

How to distinguish it? Well, certainly not by the color of blood. Firstly, shades of red, and so is not always differences, and then there's a stressful situation. It is easy to make a mistake. However, it is arterial bleeding, you will learn easily. If we translate our typical pressure of 120 over 80 in the atmosphere, you get somewhere 1.4. That is - almost half. Now imagine that from a narrow tube through a small hole under the pressure of the atmosphere half fill with water. Figured, what the fountain would be? That's it. It is for the pressure and the height of the fountain of blood unmistakably recognized arterial bleeding. And here we must not tarry, life goes out of a man with every passing second. So do not look for harness or rope, take off his belt. Immediately quickly clamped a finger. Where? In places where the artery closest to the surface of the body and less covered - groin, armpit.

Your task - to press the artery, wait stop the bleeding, and then priladit to place a tourniquet. And as soon as possible to the hospital.

By the way, the wiring is applied to clothes, so it is visible. Note the time tourniquet better marker to write ... on the forehead of the victim. So more likely that the information will not be lost, and the poor guy probably forgive you this body art.

But venous bleeding - even very abundant - it is better to stop the tight pressure bandage. It does not matter if it is completely saturated with blood - put on top of another layer. This is among other things allow the doctor to assess the seriousness of the thickness of the bandage blood loss.


5. Burn smazhem oil
We imagine, for 80% of the water, which, among other properties, has also a heat capacity. What is we burn, given this data? Some heat gets on the skin and its surface goes deeper into the tissues of the body that are readily accumulate inherited them joules. Tells us that the banal logic? To remove joules back and stop the overheating, it is necessary to cool the burn. After all, right? And just like.

Pour cold water on the burn and wait.

But here we are waiting for, as it turns out, is not enough. As a rule - to mitigate the loss or pain, that is, less than a minute. During this time, only a portion of joules comes out, the rest sitting, hiding, waiting for developments. How can we develop an event? Thick smear place burn panthenol, cream, yogurt or Babkin recipe - butter with salt. What happens? Over where tissue still walk notorious joules, create a tight cushion of a substance that covers them the way out to freedom. As a result - burn only getting worse. But if you have the patience to stand still under water for 10-15 minutes, it would be quite another matter. And panthenol, and other funds began to work with intact skin, from under which all of the heat is already displayed.


6. Rub his ears
One of the threats to winter time - frostbite. Faced with him many - ears and nose are white, lose sensitivity, but when rubbed by hand or snow quickly redden, and then comes the pain. Why is it so painful that? Yes, because our body (sorry for the simplification) - a system of tubes and provodochki where the first - the blood vessels, and the second - the nerve endings. Freeze in the cold tubes, blood does not circulate on them (hence the white color), provodochki dubeyut, and it all becomes brittle. And we begin to pound. And Cruz Loma melenkie tube-provodochki, causing serious damage to the body. After all, even a bottle of beer, frozen in the freezer, when suddenly brought into heat may explode. And gentle flasks ... So - do not rub.

It is necessary to slowly warm. Cool or lukewarm water. Then the effects of frostbite are not so bad, and the pain of returning sensitivity is not as strong.


7. Shivering - Warming
Do you remember how it happened at a high temperature - very hot and chilly. The entire body is shaking, I want to go to a ball under the warm-warm blanket and keep warm ... And it went, and even then warmed, and did not know what to warm in such a situation is not just bad, and deadly.

It's simple - high fever (> 38) temperature indicates only one. That the temperature continues to rise and the body overheats. He needs cooling, and instead we wrap up warmer, covered with blankets, heaters obkladyvayut.

As a result - the personal thermos in which the body heats up more and more. In the saddest cases, the temperature flies for a mark of 41, and after that were irreversible processes leading to death. It is not often, but it happens. So remember - at a high temperature and chills do not need to be wrapped up. It must be cool.

Cool bath, a light blanket, wet wiping ... anything, just to give the body a chance to dump excess heat. Be sure - because the high temperature will be transferred and will be much easier.


8. Bank with potassium permanganate
So. Did the parents that the crystals are completely dissolved manganese in the water at the temperature of about 70 degrees? Did they know that such a solution bodyazhit not just pointless (optional drink antiseptics in order to immediately give them back), but also dangerous, since it is not a crystal of potassium permanganate solution can crap in the gastric mucosa bunch of troubles?

Do not waste time and chemicals - to clean the stomach enough to drink 3-5 glasses of plain warm water and induce vomiting.


9. Knock-clap
The man choked, poor fellow, and coughs so that grieves. What do the others? Naturally, help him - knock on the back. But why do they do it? From a scientific point of view, such attacks even more annoying place where there is a foreign body in choking enhanced cough reflex and caught the wrong way crashes piece itself. Now imagine a drainpipe. Throws a cat (it is clear that supposedly we're not sadists any) and start banging on a pipe with a stick (virtually). What do you think, what is the likelihood that the cat will jump out from the top of the pipe? So it is with our piece - in ninety-nine cases, a person cleared his throat. But in one piece to fall deeper into the respiratory system with all its consequences - the need for intervention of a doctor to death from respiratory failure. So - do not have to knock. Even if you are asking for.

Much easier and safer to calm the person and ask him to make a few slow, very slow breaths and blow.

As you exhale, bend forward slightly better - that our waterspout moved from a vertical position to a horizontal. Three or four such breaths - and coughing increase. Piece will fly by itself, simply and safely.


10. Pry his teeth
This is probably the most common and the most legendary misleading, in that quite seriously believed by millions of people.

This unshakable confidence in the fact that a person who has had an attack of epilepsy, it is necessary to unclench your teeth and insert between them anything. Beauty! And inserted because - try, at least. And then epileptics, coming to himself, was surprised to realize that they have a mouth packed by plastic izgryzennoy pens (at best) or fragments of their own teeth (at worst).

So: do not! Do not shove the man in the mouth horrible, and so it is unsweetened. Make it worse. After all, the well-wishers justify such actions? The fact that a person in a fit can bite my tongue. Three times "ha!" So you know - during an attack of all human muscles are in good shape. Including language, which among other things is also a muscle. He strained and therefore does not fall out of his mouth and will not fall between the teeth. Maximum - will will bite the tip. Blood at the same time a little bit, but, to mix with the saliva foam, it creates the appearance of unprecedented destruction - and fueled by myths about languages bitten off. In general, you do not meddle with their knives, forks, spoons.

If you really want to help, kneel at the head of the epileptic and try to hold her head to avoid hitting the ground.

Such attacks are much more dangerous hypothetical bitten tongue. And when the active phase of the attack will take place - convulsions run out - gently rotate the human side, as he came the second phase - a dream. It can not last, but still in such a state because the muscles are relaxed and there is a possibility of suffocation from the tongue.

Such are the harsh realities of our life insecure. It is desirable to them very well afford to learn, it is no wonder that the chief medical law is: "Do no harm!" And a good idea to observe the laws - will be healthier.