Saturn

Re: Saturn

Сообщение HainanWel.com(e)! » 24 июн 2014, 15:39

Unknown object on Titan, moon of Saturn appeared and disappeared suddenly - VIDEO
Tuesday, 24 June 2014 09:00
Unexpected puzzle for astronomers gave the Cassini spacecraft studying Saturn and its Moons. Having examined the photographs the surface of Titan, the largest satellite sixth planet of the solar system, scientists have noticed in one of the "lakes" celestial body strange object that first appeared and then disappeared. According to researchers, not understood "white clot" may be an iceberg or an accumulation of gas bubbles. It is also possible that the photograph captures the storm, which is quite unusual for a quiet "reservoirs" of Titan, said NASA.
Astronomers call an unknown object "magic island", as long as they do not have a clear idea what is captured by Cassini, writes The Guardian.

"We can not be sure exactly what it is, because we only have one image. But this object on Titan was not there before," - said Jason Hofgertner from Cornell University in New York (to quote the material on the website of the University) .

Titan is one of the most unusual places in the solar system. Furthermore earth only on its surface have proved the existence of the liquid. It is also the only Moon with a thick atmosphere. Titan's surface is dotted with sand dunes, which are composed of particles of frozen hydrocarbons. Hills rise above the lakes and rivers filled with liquid methane and ethane. These elements also form clouds, which are the source of precipitation.

Gravity is so weak that people attach to the hands of the wings, could fly. When this creature from Earth can not exist on Titan without special adaptations for breathing - the atmosphere of this heavenly body soaked deadly hydrogen cyanide for earthlings. Titan, which is smaller than the Earth more than twice as often compared to our planet in the early stages of development. Scientists do not exclude that the satellite can exist simplest life forms.

On the map of Titan's surface is currently applied methane-ethane dozens of lakes. The three largest, which are sometimes called "seas" were named after the mythological sea animals: Kraken (giant clam in the legends of Scandinavia, Greece), Ligeya (siren in Ancient Greece), Punga (son of the sea god, the father of sharks and rays in New Zealand Maori ). The mystery of the "white clot" is associated with the second largest lake league. Among the photographs of this particular lake, made in 2007, 2009 and 2013, there was one with the image of an unknown object. Spot (according to scientists, in reality it was about 12 miles long and six - wide) appears in a picture dated 10 July 2013, but not on the previously made photos. No image on it and dated July 26.

In seeking an explanation anomalies scientists excluded hardware error. According to them, the object could be an iceberg. According to other versions, Cassini could climb up to capture solid particles or gas bubbles, or on the picture hit the waves. The latest version is particularly interested astronomers because unrest in the surface waters may be a sign of warming on Titan (the temperature at the surface of the satellite currently averages minus 180 degrees).

Previously, scientists have found that the surface of the lake Ligeya usually smooth as glass, the height of "waves" of less than a millimeter. This is because the wind on Titan virtually none. But this could change if the weather gets warmer. In this case, the researchers predict, force winds and waters may appear waves. Astronomers say that Titan also has a change of seasons, but unlike Earth every season lasts three months and seven Earth years. In the northern hemisphere, where the league, now in its fourth year last spring and summer 2017 will come. There is reason to suspect that in the near future may come sudden warming, scientists ascertain VIDEO: http://hainanwel.com/en/unusual-world/4 ... titan.html
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Re: Saturn

Сообщение HainanWel.com(e)! » 06 сен 2014, 13:17

Seas on Titan, moon of Saturn, Cassini saw through the clouds - VIDEO
On the Internet appeared an unusual and amazing video - Seas on Titan, Moon of Saturn, Cassini saw through the clouds, VIDEO:
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Re: Saturn

Сообщение HainanWel.com(e)! » 05 окт 2014, 14:29

Magic Island found on Titan, Saturn's moon - VIDEO
On the Internet appeared an unusual and amazing video - Magic Island found on Titan, Saturn's Moon, VIDEO:
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Re: Saturn

Сообщение HainanWel.com(e)! » 05 окт 2014, 14:30


Unusual island in the seas of Titan, a moon of Saturn - VIDEO

On the Internet appeared an unusual and amazing video - unusual island in the seas of Titan, a Moon of Saturn, VIDEO:
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Re: Saturn

Сообщение HainanWel.com(e)! » 12 фев 2015, 19:19

Submarine to study the Titan, Saturn's moon the NASA is developing - VIDEO
Crazy, but incredibly interesting NASA plans no end. Only recently, we told you about wanting the US space agency to send to Mars drone helicopter, as the first detailed space mission that NASA is going to spend about 2040. It is about sending a submarine to Titan, the largest Moon of Saturn.

At the recent International Symposium of advanced concepts and technologies NASA agency specialists have shown the conceptual design of the first stage of the project for the study of submarine Titan. Autonomous submarine will investigate liquid hydrocarbons at the poles of the satellite.

Titanium itself is one of the most interesting Moons in our solar system. He is more than the planet Mercury, and this is the only companion, has a dense atmosphere. Pressure at the surface of the satellite and a half times higher than the earth, and the gravity is only 0,14 G. satellite nevertheless very cold. Temperatures here often drop to -179 ° C.

As part of space missions "Voyager", "Cassini" and landing probe "Huygens" researchers found that at the poles of Titan, there are three large liquid sea. Titanium, besides Earth, space is the only body in our solar system, for which proved the presence of liquid on its surface. However, this liquid - water is not. This whole sea of liquid methane and ethane.

The largest of the seas of Titan is called Kraken Mare. It was found spacecraft "Cassini" in 2007. Located hydrocarbon sea in the northern hemisphere of the satellite. The area is about 400 000 square kilometers. The water depth may be up to 160 meters, although observations suggest that it may comprise a recess, so the final depth may even be less than 300 meters. Scientists that sea are primarily interested in their tides (thanks to Saturn), a complex coastline, as well as the presence of evaporites (sedimentary rock).


Submarine on Titan will work on the basis of thermoelectric installation

Unfortunately, to say that the same is below the liquid surface of the seas of Titan, it is impossible as long as there do not look. That's why NASA is going to send a satellite submarine and find out all the details. A conceptual framework for the sub Titan describes the use of a compact semi-autonomous submarine. Similar studies are often used for marine and ocean depths here on Earth. Underwater vessel weighing approximately 1 ton will work on the basis of a conventional electric motor, modified for use in the 90-day mission to Titan. During this time, the submarine will have to cover about 2,000 kilometers Sea Kraken.

Because of its shape to deliver the submarine to Titanium require the use of a winged spacecraft capable of withstanding hypervelocity re-entry of the satellite, the maximum reduction above sea Kraken and reset the submarine in a special protective capsule. After checking all the systems of the submarine will start your research. Furthermore, it should be noted that due to the great distance from the earth submarine will operate at a very high level of autonomy.


The submarine will explore the Kraken Mare special sonar

The heart of the submarine will be a 1-kilowatt thermoelectric Stirling. He will not only provide the necessary energy for submarine work, but also is used in the electronics will protect against freezing. Titan is so cold that when working in a cryogenic environment almost superfluous heat generator will cause the formation of condensation and boiling. This feature will need to be taken into account in the design of the submarine. However, sparing operation and low speed (NASA decided that the submarine would absorb about 1 meter per second - 3.6 km / h) will have to reduce the load.

For economy and simplicity submarine project does not imply the use of a separate subsidiary orbital spacecraft. To use it you need to build additional reactor, as well as engines. All this will significantly increase the cost and complexity of the mission. But as with the Titan still have to transmit to Earth a huge amount of new data, NASA engineers propose to use a large air on the submarine vertical rudder, which, among other things, will still be huge and antenna. During his daily 16-hour operation on the surface of the submarine will transmit messages to Earth and simultaneously produce research surrounding terrain camera mounted on its mast. And without that amazing picture of neighborhoods will be accompanied by a fantastic view of Saturn on the horizon.


As on Earth, the submarine on Titan will use ballast tanks, but the design of the structure and the scheme works is an open question, because as methane and ethane - this is not the water, and the Titan bears no resemblance to the Earth and its conditions. Density of the liquid here varies significantly quantitative ratio of methane and ethane in its composition. And this difference is much more difficult, if compared with the ratio of the difference between fresh and salt water on Earth. Therefore, the basic parameters of the ballast tanks of the same size like the scientists only remains to be seen.

Titanium has low gravity, but if Kraken Mare deeply as much point to it earlier analyzes, as well as taking into account the composition and temperature of the atmosphere of the satellite, all these factors together can create a problem for deep-sea research of the Moon. In this case, the nitrogen ballast tanks may condense into liquid, which in turn will lead to a sudden loss of buoyancy of the underwater vessel. One solution to this problem may be to use a special tank of hydraulic pistons that will help to fill and to empty ballast tanks instead of relying on air pressure, as is the case in conventional submarines.

While at NASA did not disclose more detailed parts of the priorities of the submarine, which they want to send to Titan. But it seems that it will be a full-fledged research in various fields. Most likely, the mission will include a study of the structure and composition of the Sea Kraken: both in terms of its liquid composition, and in terms of residual rocks above and below the sea surface. In addition, as the Titan has a huge stock of organic elements, the task of the submarine will search for traces of prebiotic compounds that could provide new information about how on earth could appear life.
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Re: Saturn

Сообщение HainanWel.com(e)! » 03 мар 2015, 15:07

Methane life on Titan simulate by scientists - VIDEO

A new type of life forms based on methane and used in his life activity of oxygen, but with the metabolism and the ability to reproduce itself, was modeled by the research team from Cornell University, USA.

In the new study, chemical engineers and astronomers have proposed the concept of the cell membrane, consisting of small molecule organic nitrogen compounds and capable of operating at temperatures of liquid methane, which can reach -180 degrees Celsius.

Life on Earth based on phospholipid bilayer membrane forming a durable, water-permeable, and many other substances dissolved in the vial, wherein the organic material entered each cell. Such a vial from the cell membrane is called liposome. Therefore, many astronomers are looking for extraterrestrial life in the so-called "habitable zone" around the Sun, where water can exist in liquid form. But what if the cellular activity is based not on the water, and methane, which has a much lower freezing point?

Chemical engineers have named their concept of the cell membrane "azotosomoy." "Azotosoma" consists of nitrogen, carbon and oxygen, which are known to be present in the seas Titan. This cell membrane showed during the session of computer simulation are the same stability and flexibility, as in liposomes terrestrial life forms. As the basic substance of the chemical compound "azotosomy" scientists acrylonitrile was selected, the methane molecules in the medium which can be connected to the membrane-like structure. The presence of acrylonitrile - a colorless toxic organic compounds - in the atmosphere of Titan was previously installed securely.

The next stage of their research, the authors see a detailed study of the behavior of cells with nitrous membrane in liquid methane.

The study was published in the journal Science Advances.
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